Healing of a Demoniac
1 Sotn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate a summary and transition in the narrative. they came to the other side of the lake, to the region of the Gerasenes.tc The textual tradition here is quite complicated. Most later mss (A C Ë13 Ï syp,h) read “Gadarenes,” which is the better reading in Matt 8:28. Other mss (א2 L Δ Θ Ë1 28 33 565 579 700 892 1241 1424 al sys bo) have “Gergesenes.” Others (א* B D latt sa) have “Gerasenes,” which is the reading followed in the translation here and in Luke 8:26. The difference between Matthew and Mark (which is parallel to Luke) may well have to do with uses of variant regional terms.sn The region of the Gerasenes would be in Gentile territory on the (south)eastern side of the Sea of Galilee across from Galilee. Matthew 8:28 records this miracle as occurring “in the region of the Gadarenes.” “Irrespective of how one settles this issue, for the [second and] Third Evangelist the chief concern is that Jesus has crossed over into Gentile territory, ‘opposite Galilee’” (J. B. Green, Luke [NICNT], 337). The region of Gadara extended to the Sea of Galilee and included the town of Sennabris on the southern shore – the town that the herdsmen most likely entered after the drowning of the pigs.
2 Just as Jesustn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. was getting out of the boat, a man with an unclean spiritsn Unclean spirit refers to an evil spirit. came from the tombs and met him.tn Grk “met him from the tombs a man with an unclean spirit.” When this is converted to normal English word order (“a man met him from the tombs with an unclean spirit”) it sounds as if “with an unclean spirit” modifies “the tombs.” Likewise, “a man with an unclean spirit from the tombs met him” implies that the unclean spirit came from the tombs, while the Greek text is clear that it is the man who had the unclean spirit who came from the tombs. To make this clear a second verb, “came,” is supplied in English: “came from the tombs and met him.”
3 He lived among the tombs, and no one could bind him anymore, not even with a chain.
4 For his hands and feet had often been bound with chains and shackles,tn Grk “he had often been bound with chains and shackles.” “Shackles” could also be translated “fetters”; they were chains for the feet. buttn Grk “and.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context. he had torn the chains apart and broken the shackles in pieces. No one was strong enough to subdue him.
5 Each night and every day among the tombs and in the mountains, he would cry out and cut himself with stones.
6 When he saw Jesus from a distance, he ran and bowed down before him.
7 Thentn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative. he cried out with a loud voice, “Leave me alone,tn Grk “What to me and to you?” (an idiom). The phrase τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί (ti emoi kai soi) is Semitic in origin, though it made its way into colloquial Greek (BDAG 275 s.v. ἐγώ). The equivalent Hebrew expression in the OT had two basic meanings: (1) When one person was unjustly bothering another, the injured party could say “What to me and to you?” meaning, “What have I done to you that you should do this to me?” (Judg 11:12, 2 Chr 35:21, 1 Kgs 17:18). (2) When someone was asked to get involved in a matter he felt was no business of his own, he could say to the one asking him, “What to me and to you?” meaning, “That is your business, how am I involved?” (2 Kgs 3:13, Hos 14:8). These nuances were apparently expanded in Greek, but the basic notions of defensive hostility (option 1) and indifference or disengagement (option 2) are still present. BDAG suggests the following as glosses for this expression: What have I to do with you? What have we in common? Leave me alone! Never mind! Hostility between Jesus and the demons is certainly to be understood in this context, hence the translation: “Leave me alone….” Jesus, Son of the Most High God! I implore you by Godsn Though it seems unusual for a demon to invoke God’s name (“I implore you by God”) in his demands of Jesus, the parallel in Matt 8:29 suggests the reason: “Why have you come to torment us before the time?” There was an appointed time in which demons would face their judgment, and they seem to have viewed Jesus’ arrival on the scene as an illegitimate change in God’s plan regarding the time when their sentence would be executed. – do not torment me!”
8 (For Jesustn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. had said to him, “Come out of that man, you unclean spirit!”)sn This is a parenthetical explanation by the author.
9 Jesustn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. asked him, “What is your name?” And he said, “My name is Legion,sn The name Legion means “thousands,” a word taken from a Latin term for a large group of soldiers. The term not only suggests a multiple possession, but also adds a military feel to the account. This is a true battle. for we are many.”
10 He begged Jesustn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. repeatedly not to send them out of the region.
11 There on the hillside,tn Grk “mountain,” but this might give the English reader the impression of a far higher summit. a great herd of pigs was feeding.
12 And the demonic spiritstn Grk “they”; the referent (the demonic spirits) has been specified in the translation for clarity. begged him, “Send us into the pigs. Let us enter them.”
13 Jesustn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. gave them permission.sn Many have discussed why Jesus gave them permission, since the animals were destroyed. However, this is another example of a miracle that is a visual lesson. The demons are destructive: They were destroying the man. They destroyed the pigs. They destroy whatever they touch. The point was to take demonic influence seriously, as well as Jesus’ power over it as a picture of the larger battle for human souls. There would be no doubt how the man’s transformation had taken place. Sotn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate a conclusion and transition in the narrative. the unclean spirits came out and went into the pigs. Then the herd rushed down the steep slope into the lake, and about two thousand were drowned in the lake.
14 Nowtn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate a transition to the response to the miraculous healing. the herdsmen ran off and spread the news in the town and countryside, and the people went out to see what had happened.
15 They came to Jesus and saw the demon-possessed man sitting there, clothed and in his right mind – the one who had the “Legion” – and they were afraid.
16 Those who had seen what had happened to the demon-possessed man reported it, and they also told about the pigs.
17 Thentn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative. they asked Jesustn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. to leave their region.
18 As he was getting into the boat the man who had been demon-possessed asked if he could gotn Grk “be,” that is, “remain.” In this context that would involve accompanying Jesus as he went on his way. with him.
19 Buttn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context. Jesustn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. did not permit him to do so. Instead, he said to him, “Go to your home and to your people and tell them what the Lord has done for you,sn Jesus instructs the man to declare what the Lord has done for him, in contrast to the usual instructions (e.g., 1:44; 5:43) to remain silent. Here in Gentile territory Jesus allowed more open discussion of his ministry. D. L. Bock (Luke [BECNT], 1:781) suggests that with few Jewish religious representatives present, there would be less danger of misunderstanding Jesus’ ministry as political. that he had mercy on you.”
20 Sotn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “So” to indicate the conclusion of the episode in the narrative. he went away and began to proclaim in the Decapolissn The Decapolis refers to a league of towns (originally consisting of ten; the Greek name literally means “ten towns”) whose region (except for Scythopolis) lay across the Jordan River. what Jesus had done for him,sn Note that the man could not separate what God had done from the one through whom God had done it (what Jesus had done for him). This man was called to witness to God’s goodness at home. and all were amazed.
Restoration and Healing
21 When Jesus had crossed again in a boat to the other side, a large crowd gathered around him, and he was by the sea.
22 Thentn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative. one of the synagogue rulers,tn That is, “an official in charge of the synagogue”; ἀρχισυνάγωγος (arcisunagwgo") refers to the “president of a synagogue” (so BDAG 139 s.v. and L&N 53.93; cf. Luke 8:41). sn The synagogue was a place for Jewish prayer and worship, with recognized leadership. See also the note on synagogue in 1:21. named Jairus,tc Codex Bezae (D) and some Itala mss omit the words “named Jairus.” The evidence for the inclusion of the phrase is extremely strong, however. The witnesses in behalf of ὀνόματι ᾿Ιάϊρος (onomati Iairos) include {Ì45 א A B C L Ï lat sy co}. The best explanation is that the phrase was accidentally dropped during the transmission of one strand of the Western text. came up, and when he saw Jesus,tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. he fell at his feet.
23 He asked him urgently, “My little daughter is near death. Come and lay your hands on her so that she may be healed and live.”
24 Jesustn Grk “He”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. went with him, and a large crowd followed and pressed around him.
25 Nowtn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic. a woman was there who had been suffering from a hemorrhagetn Grk “a flow of blood.” for twelve years.sn This story of the woman who had been suffering from hemorrhages for twelve years is recounted in the middle of the story about Jairus’ daughter. Mark’s account (as is often the case) is longer and more detailed than the parallel accounts in Matt 9:18-26 and Luke 8:40-56. Mark’s fuller account may be intended to show that the healing of the woman was an anticipation of the healing of the little girl.
26 She had endured a great deal under the care of many doctors and had spent all that she had. Yet instead of getting better, she grew worse.
27 When she heard about Jesus, she came up behind him in the crowd and touched his cloak,tn Grk “garment,” but here ἱμάτιον (Jimation) denotes the outer garment in particular.
28 for she kept saying,tn The imperfect verb is here taken iteratively, for the context suggests that the woman was trying to muster up the courage to touch Jesus’ cloak. “If only I touch his clothes, I will be healed.”tn Grk “saved.”sn In this pericope the author uses a term for being healed (Grk “saved”) that would have spiritual significance to his readers. It may be a double entendre (cf. parallel in Matt 9:21 which uses the same term), since elsewhere he uses verbs that simply mean “heal”: If only the reader would “touch” Jesus, he too would be “saved.”
29 At once the bleeding stopped,tn Grk “the flow of her blood dried up.”sn The woman was most likely suffering from a vaginal hemorrhage, in which case her bleeding would make her ritually unclean. and she felt in her body that she was healed of her disease.
30 Jesus knew at once that power had gone out from him. He turned around in the crowd and said, “Who touched my clothes?”
31 His disciples said to him, “You see the crowd pressing against you and you say, ‘Who touched me?’”
32 Buttn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context. he looked around to see who had done it.
33 Then the woman, with fear and trembling, knowing what had happened to her, came and fell down before him and told him the whole truth.
34 He said to her, “Daughter, your faith has made you well.tn Or “has delivered you”; Grk “has saved you.” This should not be understood as an expression for full salvation in the immediate context; it refers only to the woman’s healing. Go in peace, and be healed of your disease.”
35 While he was still speaking, people came from the synagogue ruler’ssn See the note on synagogue rulers in 5:22. house saying, “Your daughter has died. Why trouble the teacher any longer?”
36 But Jesus, paying no attention to what was said, told the synagogue ruler, “Do not be afraid; just believe.”
37 He did not let anyone follow him except Peter, James,tn Grk “and James,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more. and John, the brother of James.
38 They came to the house of the synagogue ruler wheretn Grk “and,” though such paratactic structure is rather awkward in English. he saw noisy confusion and people weeping and wailing loudly.sn This group probably includes outside or even professional mourners, not just family, because a large group seems to be present.
39 When he entered he said to them, “Why are you distressed and weeping? The child is not dead but asleep.”
40 And they began making fun of him.tn Grk “They were laughing at him.” The imperfect verb has been taken ingressively. But he put them all outsidetn Or “threw them all outside.” The verb used, ἐκβάλλω (ekballw), almost always has the connotation of force in Mark. and he took the child’s father and mother and his own companionstn Grk “those with him.” and went into the room where the child was.tn Grk “into where the child was.”
41 Then, gently taking the child by the hand, he said to her, “Talitha koum,” which means, “Little girl, I say to you, get up.”
42 The girl got up at once and began to walk around (she was twelve years old). They were completely astonished at this.tn The Greek word εὐθύς (euqus, often translated “immediately” or “right away”) has not been translated here. It sometimes occurs with a weakened, inferential use (BDAG 406 s.v. 2), not contributing significantly to the flow of the narrative. For further discussion, see R. J. Decker, Temporal Deixis of the Greek Verb in the Gospel of Mark with Reference to Verbal Aspect (SBG 10), 73-77.
43 He strictly ordered that no one should know about this,sn That no one should know about this. See the note on the phrase who he was in 3:12. and told them to give her something to eat.
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