2 Samuel 3:39 And even though I am the anointed king, these two sons of Zeruiah—Joab and Abishai—are too strong for me to control. So may the Lord repay these evil men for...

3:39 NLT

逐节对照

New Living Translation - And even though I am the anointed king, these two sons of Zeruiah—Joab and Abishai—are too strong for me to control. So may the Lord repay these evil men for their evil deeds.”
新标点和合本 - 我虽然受膏为王，今日还是软弱；这洗鲁雅的两个儿子比我刚强。愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶报应他。”
和合本2010（上帝版-简体） - 我虽然受膏为王，今日还是软弱。洗鲁雅的两个儿子，这些人比我强硬。愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶报应他。”
和合本2010（神版-简体） - 我虽然受膏为王，今日还是软弱。洗鲁雅的两个儿子，这些人比我强硬。愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶报应他。”
当代译本 - 今天我虽然是被膏立的王，但仍势单力薄，无法对付洗鲁雅的两个儿子，愿耶和华报应他们的恶行。”
圣经新译本 - 今天我虽然受膏为王，但我还是幼弱的。洗鲁雅的两个儿子太强了，非我所能应付。愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶，报应恶人。”
中文标准译本 - 我虽然被膏立为王，今天却软弱；这些人——洗鲁雅的儿子们强硬得令我作难。愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶，报应恶人！”
现代标点和合本 - 我虽然受膏为王，今日还是软弱，这洗鲁雅的两个儿子比我刚强。愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶报应他！”
和合本（拼音版） - 我虽然受膏为王，今日还是软弱。这洗鲁雅的两个儿子比我刚强，愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶报应他。”
New International Version - And today, though I am the anointed king, I am weak, and these sons of Zeruiah are too strong for me. May the Lord repay the evildoer according to his evil deeds!”
New International Reader's Version - I’m the anointed king. But today I’m weak. These sons of Zeruiah are too powerful for me. May the Lord pay back the one who killed Abner! May he pay him back for the evil thing he has done!”
English Standard Version - And I was gentle today, though anointed king. These men, the sons of Zeruiah, are more severe than I. The Lord repay the evildoer according to his wickedness!”
Christian Standard Bible - As for me, even though I am the anointed king, I have little power today. These men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too fierce for me. May the Lord repay the evildoer according to his evil!”
New American Standard Bible - And I am weak today, though anointed king; and these men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too difficult for me. May the Lord repay the evildoer in proportion to his evil.”
New King James Version - And I am weak today, though anointed king; and these men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too harsh for me. The Lord shall repay the evildoer according to his wickedness.”
Amplified Bible - Today I am weak, though anointed king; these men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too difficult for me. May the Lord repay the evildoer [Joab] in accordance with his wickedness!”
American Standard Version - And I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah are too hard for me: Jehovah reward the evil-doer according to his wickedness.
King James Version - And I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah be too hard for me: the Lord shall reward the doer of evil according to his wickedness.
New English Translation - Today I am weak, even though I am anointed as king. These men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too much for me to bear! May the Lord punish appropriately the one who has done this evil thing!”
World English Bible - I am weak today, though anointed king. These men, the sons of Zeruiah are too hard for me. May Yahweh reward the evildoer according to his wickedness.”
新標點和合本 - 我雖然受膏為王，今日還是軟弱；這洗魯雅的兩個兒子比我剛強。願耶和華照着惡人所行的惡報應他。」
和合本2010（上帝版-繁體） - 我雖然受膏為王，今日還是軟弱。洗魯雅的兩個兒子，這些人比我強硬。願耶和華照着惡人所行的惡報應他。」
和合本2010（神版-繁體） - 我雖然受膏為王，今日還是軟弱。洗魯雅的兩個兒子，這些人比我強硬。願耶和華照着惡人所行的惡報應他。」
當代譯本 - 今天我雖然是被膏立的王，但仍勢單力薄，無法對付洗魯雅的兩個兒子，願耶和華報應他們的惡行。」
聖經新譯本 - 今天我雖然受膏為王，但我還是幼弱的。洗魯雅的兩個兒子太強了，非我所能應付。願耶和華照著惡人所行的惡，報應惡人。”
呂振中譯本 - 我、我雖然受膏為王，今日還是柔弱；洗魯雅的兒子這些人比我強；願永恆主照惡人所行的壞事報應行壞事的人就是了。』
中文標準譯本 - 我雖然被膏立為王，今天卻軟弱；這些人——洗魯雅的兒子們強硬得令我作難。願耶和華照著惡人所行的惡，報應惡人！」
現代標點和合本 - 我雖然受膏為王，今日還是軟弱，這洗魯雅的兩個兒子比我剛強。願耶和華照著惡人所行的惡報應他！」
文理和合譯本 - 我雖受膏為王、今猶荏弱、此洗魯雅之子、逼我太甚、願耶和華依惡人之惡而報之、
文理委辦譯本 - 我雖受膏為王、今猶荏弱、而西魯雅之二子、桀驁不馴、願耶和華視惡人之罪戾、而報施焉。
施約瑟淺文理新舊約聖經 - 我始受膏為王、今尚荏弱、此西魯雅二子強於我、願主循惡人所行之惡而報之、
Nueva Versión Internacional - En cuanto a mí, aunque me han ungido rey, soy todavía débil; no puedo hacerles frente a estos hijos de Sarvia. ¡Que el Señor le pague al malhechor según sus malas obras!»
현대인의 성경 - 내가 비록 하나님이 세우신 왕이지만 오늘날 내 힘이 약하여서 다루기에 벅찬 스루야의 이 두 아들을 어떻게 처리해야 할지 모르겠구나. 아무튼 여호와께서 악한 자들에게 그들의 악한 행위대로 갚아 주시기를 원할 뿐이오.”
Новый Русский Перевод - И сегодня, хотя я и помазанный царь, я слаб, а эти сыновья Саруи для меня слишком сильны. Пусть Господь воздаст делающему злое по злобе его!
Восточный перевод - И сегодня, хотя я и помазанный царь, я слаб, а эти сыновья Церуи для меня слишком сильны. Пусть Вечный воздаст делающему злое по его злобе!
Восточный перевод, версия с «Аллахом» - И сегодня, хотя я и помазанный царь, я слаб, а эти сыновья Церуи для меня слишком сильны. Пусть Вечный воздаст делающему злое по его злобе!
Восточный перевод, версия для Таджикистана - И сегодня, хотя я и помазанный царь, я слаб, а эти сыновья Церуи для меня слишком сильны. Пусть Вечный воздаст делающему злое по его злобе!
La Bible du Semeur 2015 - Même si j’ai reçu l’onction royale, je suis encore faible, et ces gens, les fils de Tserouya, sont trop puissants pour moi. Que l’Eternel lui-même punisse celui qui a commis ce crime selon le mal qu’il a fait !
リビングバイブル - 私は神に選ばれた王だが、ツェルヤのこの二人の息子に何もできない。どうか主が、このような悪を行った者に報いられるように。」
Nova Versão Internacional - Embora rei ungido, ainda sou fraco, e esses filhos de Zeruia são mais fortes do que eu. Que o Senhor retribua ao malfeitor de acordo com as suas más obras!”
Hoffnung für alle - Ich bin erst vor kurzem zum König gesalbt worden und besitze noch nicht genug Macht, um gegen meine beiden Neffen Joab und Abischai vorzugehen. Möge der Herr dafür sorgen, dass sie die gerechte Strafe für ihre Bosheit bekommen!«
Kinh Thánh Hiện Đại - Mặc dù ta là vua được xức dầu, nhưng ngày nay thế còn yếu, trong khi hai con của Xê-ru-gia—Giô-áp và A-bi-sai—quá bạo tàn; nhưng Chúa Hằng Hữu sẽ lấy ác báo ác.”
พระคริสตธรรมคัมภีร์ไทย ฉบับอมตธรรมร่วมสมัย - และวันนี้ถึงแม้เราจะเป็นกษัตริย์ที่พระเจ้าทรงเจิมตั้งไว้ เราก็อ่อนแอ และบุตรทั้งสองของนางเศรุยาห์นี้ก็แข็งแกร่งเกินไปสำหรับเรา ขอองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าทรงตอบสนองคนชั่วที่ได้ทำการชั่วเถิด!”
พระคัมภีร์ ฉบับแปลใหม่ - แม้ว่าเราจะได้รับการเจิมให้เป็นกษัตริย์ วันนี้เรารู้สึกอ่อนไหว พวกบุตรของนางเศรุยาห์กระทำรุนแรงยิ่งกว่าเรา พระผู้เป็นเจ้าสนองตอบคนชั่วร้ายที่กระทำตามความเลวของเขา”

交叉引用

Proverbs 20:8 - When a king sits in judgment, he weighs all the evidence, distinguishing the bad from the good.
Isaiah 7:4 - Tell him to stop worrying. Tell him he doesn’t need to fear the fierce anger of those two burned-out embers, King Rezin of Syria and Pekah son of Remaliah.
2 Chronicles 19:6 - and he said to them, “Always think carefully before pronouncing judgment. Remember that you do not judge to please people but to please the Lord. He will be with you when you render the verdict in each case.
2 Chronicles 19:7 - Fear the Lord and judge with integrity, for the Lord our God does not tolerate perverted justice, partiality, or the taking of bribes.”
Exodus 21:12 - “Anyone who assaults and kills another person must be put to death.
2 Samuel 19:13 - And David told them to tell Amasa, “Since you are my own flesh and blood, like Joab, may God strike me and even kill me if I do not appoint you as commander of my army in his place.”
1 Chronicles 2:15 - his sixth was Ozem, and his seventh was David.
1 Chronicles 2:16 - Their sisters were named Zeruiah and Abigail. Zeruiah had three sons named Abishai, Joab, and Asahel.
Proverbs 25:5 - Remove the wicked from the king’s court, and his reign will be made secure by justice.
Psalms 62:12 - unfailing love, O Lord, is yours. Surely you repay all people according to what they have done.
2 Samuel 19:5 - Then Joab went to the king’s room and said to him, “We saved your life today and the lives of your sons, your daughters, and your wives and concubines. Yet you act like this, making us feel ashamed of ourselves.
2 Samuel 19:6 - You seem to love those who hate you and hate those who love you. You have made it clear today that your commanders and troops mean nothing to you. It seems that if Absalom had lived and all of us had died, you would be pleased.
2 Samuel 19:7 - Now go out there and congratulate your troops, for I swear by the Lord that if you don’t go out, not a single one of them will remain here tonight. Then you will be worse off than ever before.”
Romans 13:4 - The authorities are God’s servants, sent for your good. But if you are doing wrong, of course you should be afraid, for they have the power to punish you. They are God’s servants, sent for the very purpose of punishing those who do what is wrong.
Psalms 7:16 - The trouble they make for others backfires on them. The violence they plan falls on their own heads.
Psalms 75:10 - For God says, “I will break the strength of the wicked, but I will increase the power of the godly.”
1 Chronicles 22:5 - David said, “My son Solomon is still young and inexperienced. And since the Temple to be built for the Lord must be a magnificent structure, famous and glorious throughout the world, I will begin making preparations for it now.” So David collected vast amounts of building materials before his death.
1 Kings 2:5 - “And there is something else. You know what Joab son of Zeruiah did to me when he murdered my two army commanders, Abner son of Ner and Amasa son of Jether. He pretended that it was an act of war, but it was done in a time of peace, staining his belt and sandals with innocent blood.
1 Kings 2:6 - Do with him what you think best, but don’t let him grow old and go to his grave in peace.
Psalms 101:8 - My daily task will be to ferret out the wicked and free the city of the Lord from their grip.
Psalms 28:4 - Give them the punishment they so richly deserve! Measure it out in proportion to their wickedness. Pay them back for all their evil deeds! Give them a taste of what they have done to others.
2 Timothy 4:14 - Alexander the coppersmith did me much harm, but the Lord will judge him for what he has done.
1 Kings 2:33 - May their blood be on Joab and his descendants forever, and may the Lord grant peace forever to David, his descendants, his dynasty, and his throne.”
1 Kings 2:34 - So Benaiah son of Jehoiada returned to the sacred tent and killed Joab, and he was buried at his home in the wilderness.

逐节对照

交叉引用

New Living Translation - And even though I am the anointed king, these two sons of Zeruiah—Joab and Abishai—are too strong for me to control. So may the Lord repay these evil men for their evil deeds.”
新标点和合本 - 我虽然受膏为王，今日还是软弱；这洗鲁雅的两个儿子比我刚强。愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶报应他。”
和合本2010（上帝版-简体） - 我虽然受膏为王，今日还是软弱。洗鲁雅的两个儿子，这些人比我强硬。愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶报应他。”
和合本2010（神版-简体） - 我虽然受膏为王，今日还是软弱。洗鲁雅的两个儿子，这些人比我强硬。愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶报应他。”
当代译本 - 今天我虽然是被膏立的王，但仍势单力薄，无法对付洗鲁雅的两个儿子，愿耶和华报应他们的恶行。”
圣经新译本 - 今天我虽然受膏为王，但我还是幼弱的。洗鲁雅的两个儿子太强了，非我所能应付。愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶，报应恶人。”
中文标准译本 - 我虽然被膏立为王，今天却软弱；这些人——洗鲁雅的儿子们强硬得令我作难。愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶，报应恶人！”
现代标点和合本 - 我虽然受膏为王，今日还是软弱，这洗鲁雅的两个儿子比我刚强。愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶报应他！”
和合本（拼音版） - 我虽然受膏为王，今日还是软弱。这洗鲁雅的两个儿子比我刚强，愿耶和华照着恶人所行的恶报应他。”
New International Version - And today, though I am the anointed king, I am weak, and these sons of Zeruiah are too strong for me. May the Lord repay the evildoer according to his evil deeds!”
New International Reader's Version - I’m the anointed king. But today I’m weak. These sons of Zeruiah are too powerful for me. May the Lord pay back the one who killed Abner! May he pay him back for the evil thing he has done!”
English Standard Version - And I was gentle today, though anointed king. These men, the sons of Zeruiah, are more severe than I. The Lord repay the evildoer according to his wickedness!”
Christian Standard Bible - As for me, even though I am the anointed king, I have little power today. These men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too fierce for me. May the Lord repay the evildoer according to his evil!”
New American Standard Bible - And I am weak today, though anointed king; and these men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too difficult for me. May the Lord repay the evildoer in proportion to his evil.”
New King James Version - And I am weak today, though anointed king; and these men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too harsh for me. The Lord shall repay the evildoer according to his wickedness.”
Amplified Bible - Today I am weak, though anointed king; these men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too difficult for me. May the Lord repay the evildoer [Joab] in accordance with his wickedness!”
American Standard Version - And I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah are too hard for me: Jehovah reward the evil-doer according to his wickedness.
King James Version - And I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah be too hard for me: the Lord shall reward the doer of evil according to his wickedness.
New English Translation - Today I am weak, even though I am anointed as king. These men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too much for me to bear! May the Lord punish appropriately the one who has done this evil thing!”
World English Bible - I am weak today, though anointed king. These men, the sons of Zeruiah are too hard for me. May Yahweh reward the evildoer according to his wickedness.”
新標點和合本 - 我雖然受膏為王，今日還是軟弱；這洗魯雅的兩個兒子比我剛強。願耶和華照着惡人所行的惡報應他。」
和合本2010（上帝版-繁體） - 我雖然受膏為王，今日還是軟弱。洗魯雅的兩個兒子，這些人比我強硬。願耶和華照着惡人所行的惡報應他。」
和合本2010（神版-繁體） - 我雖然受膏為王，今日還是軟弱。洗魯雅的兩個兒子，這些人比我強硬。願耶和華照着惡人所行的惡報應他。」
當代譯本 - 今天我雖然是被膏立的王，但仍勢單力薄，無法對付洗魯雅的兩個兒子，願耶和華報應他們的惡行。」
聖經新譯本 - 今天我雖然受膏為王，但我還是幼弱的。洗魯雅的兩個兒子太強了，非我所能應付。願耶和華照著惡人所行的惡，報應惡人。”
呂振中譯本 - 我、我雖然受膏為王，今日還是柔弱；洗魯雅的兒子這些人比我強；願永恆主照惡人所行的壞事報應行壞事的人就是了。』
中文標準譯本 - 我雖然被膏立為王，今天卻軟弱；這些人——洗魯雅的兒子們強硬得令我作難。願耶和華照著惡人所行的惡，報應惡人！」
現代標點和合本 - 我雖然受膏為王，今日還是軟弱，這洗魯雅的兩個兒子比我剛強。願耶和華照著惡人所行的惡報應他！」
文理和合譯本 - 我雖受膏為王、今猶荏弱、此洗魯雅之子、逼我太甚、願耶和華依惡人之惡而報之、
文理委辦譯本 - 我雖受膏為王、今猶荏弱、而西魯雅之二子、桀驁不馴、願耶和華視惡人之罪戾、而報施焉。
施約瑟淺文理新舊約聖經 - 我始受膏為王、今尚荏弱、此西魯雅二子強於我、願主循惡人所行之惡而報之、
Nueva Versión Internacional - En cuanto a mí, aunque me han ungido rey, soy todavía débil; no puedo hacerles frente a estos hijos de Sarvia. ¡Que el Señor le pague al malhechor según sus malas obras!»
현대인의 성경 - 내가 비록 하나님이 세우신 왕이지만 오늘날 내 힘이 약하여서 다루기에 벅찬 스루야의 이 두 아들을 어떻게 처리해야 할지 모르겠구나. 아무튼 여호와께서 악한 자들에게 그들의 악한 행위대로 갚아 주시기를 원할 뿐이오.”
Новый Русский Перевод - И сегодня, хотя я и помазанный царь, я слаб, а эти сыновья Саруи для меня слишком сильны. Пусть Господь воздаст делающему злое по злобе его!
Восточный перевод - И сегодня, хотя я и помазанный царь, я слаб, а эти сыновья Церуи для меня слишком сильны. Пусть Вечный воздаст делающему злое по его злобе!
Восточный перевод, версия с «Аллахом» - И сегодня, хотя я и помазанный царь, я слаб, а эти сыновья Церуи для меня слишком сильны. Пусть Вечный воздаст делающему злое по его злобе!
Восточный перевод, версия для Таджикистана - И сегодня, хотя я и помазанный царь, я слаб, а эти сыновья Церуи для меня слишком сильны. Пусть Вечный воздаст делающему злое по его злобе!
La Bible du Semeur 2015 - Même si j’ai reçu l’onction royale, je suis encore faible, et ces gens, les fils de Tserouya, sont trop puissants pour moi. Que l’Eternel lui-même punisse celui qui a commis ce crime selon le mal qu’il a fait !
リビングバイブル - 私は神に選ばれた王だが、ツェルヤのこの二人の息子に何もできない。どうか主が、このような悪を行った者に報いられるように。」
Nova Versão Internacional - Embora rei ungido, ainda sou fraco, e esses filhos de Zeruia são mais fortes do que eu. Que o Senhor retribua ao malfeitor de acordo com as suas más obras!”
Hoffnung für alle - Ich bin erst vor kurzem zum König gesalbt worden und besitze noch nicht genug Macht, um gegen meine beiden Neffen Joab und Abischai vorzugehen. Möge der Herr dafür sorgen, dass sie die gerechte Strafe für ihre Bosheit bekommen!«
Kinh Thánh Hiện Đại - Mặc dù ta là vua được xức dầu, nhưng ngày nay thế còn yếu, trong khi hai con của Xê-ru-gia—Giô-áp và A-bi-sai—quá bạo tàn; nhưng Chúa Hằng Hữu sẽ lấy ác báo ác.”
พระคริสตธรรมคัมภีร์ไทย ฉบับอมตธรรมร่วมสมัย - และวันนี้ถึงแม้เราจะเป็นกษัตริย์ที่พระเจ้าทรงเจิมตั้งไว้ เราก็อ่อนแอ และบุตรทั้งสองของนางเศรุยาห์นี้ก็แข็งแกร่งเกินไปสำหรับเรา ขอองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าทรงตอบสนองคนชั่วที่ได้ทำการชั่วเถิด!”
พระคัมภีร์ ฉบับแปลใหม่ - แม้ว่าเราจะได้รับการเจิมให้เป็นกษัตริย์ วันนี้เรารู้สึกอ่อนไหว พวกบุตรของนางเศรุยาห์กระทำรุนแรงยิ่งกว่าเรา พระผู้เป็นเจ้าสนองตอบคนชั่วร้ายที่กระทำตามความเลวของเขา”

Proverbs 20:8 - When a king sits in judgment, he weighs all the evidence, distinguishing the bad from the good.
Isaiah 7:4 - Tell him to stop worrying. Tell him he doesn’t need to fear the fierce anger of those two burned-out embers, King Rezin of Syria and Pekah son of Remaliah.
2 Chronicles 19:6 - and he said to them, “Always think carefully before pronouncing judgment. Remember that you do not judge to please people but to please the Lord. He will be with you when you render the verdict in each case.
2 Chronicles 19:7 - Fear the Lord and judge with integrity, for the Lord our God does not tolerate perverted justice, partiality, or the taking of bribes.”
Exodus 21:12 - “Anyone who assaults and kills another person must be put to death.
2 Samuel 19:13 - And David told them to tell Amasa, “Since you are my own flesh and blood, like Joab, may God strike me and even kill me if I do not appoint you as commander of my army in his place.”
1 Chronicles 2:15 - his sixth was Ozem, and his seventh was David.
1 Chronicles 2:16 - Their sisters were named Zeruiah and Abigail. Zeruiah had three sons named Abishai, Joab, and Asahel.
Proverbs 25:5 - Remove the wicked from the king’s court, and his reign will be made secure by justice.
Psalms 62:12 - unfailing love, O Lord, is yours. Surely you repay all people according to what they have done.
2 Samuel 19:5 - Then Joab went to the king’s room and said to him, “We saved your life today and the lives of your sons, your daughters, and your wives and concubines. Yet you act like this, making us feel ashamed of ourselves.
2 Samuel 19:6 - You seem to love those who hate you and hate those who love you. You have made it clear today that your commanders and troops mean nothing to you. It seems that if Absalom had lived and all of us had died, you would be pleased.
2 Samuel 19:7 - Now go out there and congratulate your troops, for I swear by the Lord that if you don’t go out, not a single one of them will remain here tonight. Then you will be worse off than ever before.”
Romans 13:4 - The authorities are God’s servants, sent for your good. But if you are doing wrong, of course you should be afraid, for they have the power to punish you. They are God’s servants, sent for the very purpose of punishing those who do what is wrong.
Psalms 7:16 - The trouble they make for others backfires on them. The violence they plan falls on their own heads.
Psalms 75:10 - For God says, “I will break the strength of the wicked, but I will increase the power of the godly.”
1 Chronicles 22:5 - David said, “My son Solomon is still young and inexperienced. And since the Temple to be built for the Lord must be a magnificent structure, famous and glorious throughout the world, I will begin making preparations for it now.” So David collected vast amounts of building materials before his death.
1 Kings 2:5 - “And there is something else. You know what Joab son of Zeruiah did to me when he murdered my two army commanders, Abner son of Ner and Amasa son of Jether. He pretended that it was an act of war, but it was done in a time of peace, staining his belt and sandals with innocent blood.
1 Kings 2:6 - Do with him what you think best, but don’t let him grow old and go to his grave in peace.
Psalms 101:8 - My daily task will be to ferret out the wicked and free the city of the Lord from their grip.
Psalms 28:4 - Give them the punishment they so richly deserve! Measure it out in proportion to their wickedness. Pay them back for all their evil deeds! Give them a taste of what they have done to others.
2 Timothy 4:14 - Alexander the coppersmith did me much harm, but the Lord will judge him for what he has done.
1 Kings 2:33 - May their blood be on Joab and his descendants forever, and may the Lord grant peace forever to David, his descendants, his dynasty, and his throne.”
1 Kings 2:34 - So Benaiah son of Jehoiada returned to the sacred tent and killed Joab, and he was buried at his home in the wilderness.