1Paul, a bond-servant of Christ Jesus, Lit a called apostlecalled as an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God,

2which He promised beforehand through His prophets in the holy Scriptures,

3concerning His Son, who was born of a Lit seeddescendant of David according to the flesh,

4who was declared the Son of God with power according to the Or spiritSpirit of holiness Or as a result ofby the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord,

5through whom we have received grace and apostleship Lit for obedienceto bring about the obedience of faith among all the Gentiles in behalf of His name,

6among whom you also are the called of Jesus Christ;

7to all who are beloved of God in Rome, called as Lit holy ones; i.e., God’s peoplesaints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

8First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ Or concerning you all, that...for you all, because your faith is being proclaimed throughout the world.

9For God, whom I serve in my spirit in the preaching of the gospel of His Son, is my witness as to how unceasingly I make mention of you,

10always in my prayers requesting if perhaps now, at last by the will of God, I will succeed in coming to you.

11For I long to see you so that I may impart some spiritual gift to you, that you may be Or strengthenedestablished;

12that is, that I may be encouraged together with you while among you, each of us by the other’s faith, both yours and mine.

13I do not want you to be unaware, brothers and sisters, that often I have planned to come to you (and have been prevented so far) so that I may obtain some fruit among you also just as among the rest of the Gentiles.

14I am Lit debtorunder obligation both to Greeks and to the I.e., non-Hellenesuncultured, both to the wise and to the foolish.

15So, for my part, I am eager to preach the gospel to you also who are in Rome.

16For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek.

17For in it the righteousness of God is revealed Or byfrom faith to faith; as it is written: “Or But the one who is righteous by faith shall liveBut the righteous one will live by faith.”

18For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people who suppress the truth Or byin unrighteousness,

19because that which is known about God is evident Or amongwithin them; for God made it evident to them.

20For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, that is, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, being understood by what has been made, so that they are without excuse.

21For even though they knew God, they did not Lit glorifyhonor Him as God or give thanks, but they became futile in their reasonings, and their senseless hearts were darkened.

22Claiming to be wise, they became fools,

23and they exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible mankind, of birds, four-footed animals, and Or reptilescrawling creatures.

24Therefore God gave them up to vile impurity in the lusts of their hearts, so that their bodies would be dishonored among them.

25For they exchanged the truth of God for Lit the liefalsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed Lit unto the agesforever. Amen.

26For this reason God gave them over to degrading passions; for their women exchanged natural relations for that which is contrary to nature,

27and likewise the men, too, abandoned natural relations Lit of the femalewith women and burned in their desire toward one another, males with males committing Lit shamelessnessshameful acts and receiving in Lit themselvestheir own persons the due penalty of their error.

28And just as they did not see fit Lit to have God in knowledgeto acknowledge God, God gave them up to a depraved mind, to do those things that are not proper,

29people having been filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, and evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice; they are gossips,

30slanderers, Or hateful to Godhaters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents,

31without understanding, untrustworthy, unfeeling, and unmerciful;

32and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, they not only do the same, but also approve of those who practice them.