1“Then we turned back and headed for the wilderness by way of the Red Sea, Ex 10:19; 13:18; 15:4,22; 23:31; Nm 21:4; Dt 1:40 as the Lord had told me, and we traveled around the hill country of Seir for many days.

2The Lord then said to me,

3‘You’ve been traveling around this hill country long enough; turn north. Dt 1:6

4Command the people: You are about to travel through the territory of your brothers, the descendants of Esau, who live in Seir. They will be afraid of you, so you must be very careful.

5Don’t fight with them, for I will not give you any of their land, not even an inch of it, Lit land as far as the width of a sole of a foot because I have given Esau the hill country of Seir as his possession. Ezk 25:12-14

6You may purchase food from them with silver, so that you may eat, and buy water from them to drink. Nm 20:14-21

7For the Lord your God has blessed you in all the work of your hands. Dt 30:9 He has watched over your journey through this immense wilderness. The Lord your God has been with you this past 40 years, and you have lacked nothing.’ Dt 8:2-4; 29:5; Neh 9:21

8“So we bypassed our brothers, the descendants of Esau, who live in Seir. We turned away from the Arabah road and from Elath and Ezion-geber. Nm 33:35-36; 1Kg 9:26 We traveled along the road to the Wilderness of Moab.

9The Lord said to me, ‘Show no hostility toward Moab, and do not provoke them to battle, for I will not give you any of their land as a possession, since I have given Ar as a possession to the descendants of Lot.’ ” Gn 19:36-37; Ezk 25:8-11; Am 2:1-2; Mc 6:5; Zph 2:8-9

10The Emim, a great and numerous people as tall as the Anakim, Dt 1:28; Jos 11:21-22 had previously lived there.

11They were also regarded as Rephaim, Gn 14:5; 15:20; Jos 13:12; 2Sm 21:15-22 like the Anakim, though the Moabites called them Emim. Gn 14:5

12The Horites Gn 14:6; 36:21,29-30 had previously lived in Seir, but the descendants of Esau drove them out, destroying them completely Lit them before them and settling in their place, just as Israel did in the land of its possession the Lord gave them.

13“The Lord said, ‘Now get up and cross the Zered Valley.’ So we crossed the Zered Valley. Nm 21:10-20

14The time we spent traveling from Kadesh-barnea until we crossed the Zered Valley was 38 years until the entire generation of fighting men had perished from the camp, as the Lord had sworn to them.

15Indeed, the Lord’s hand was against them, to eliminate Ex 14:24; 23:27; Dt 7:23 them from the camp until they had all perished. 1Co 10:1-5; Jd 5

16“When all the fighting men had died among the people,

17the Lord spoke to me,

18‘Today you are going to cross the border of Moab at Ar.

19When you get close to the Ammonites, don’t show any hostility to them or fight with them, for I will not give you any of the Ammonites’ land as a possession; I have given it as a possession to the descendants of Lot.’ ” Gn 19:36,38; Nm 21:24; Jdg 10:9-18; 1Sm 11:11; 12:12; Neh 4:7

20This too used to be regarded as the land of the Rephaim. The Rephaim lived there previously, though the Ammonites called them Zamzummim, Gn 14:5

21a great and numerous people, tall as the Anakim. The Lord destroyed the Rephaim at the advance of the Ammonites, so that they drove them out and settled in their place.

22This was just as He had done for the descendants of Esau who lived in Seir, when He destroyed the Horites before them; they drove them out and have lived in their place until now.

23The Caphtorim, who came from Caphtor, Probably Crete Gn 10:14; 1Ch 1:12; Jr 47:4; Am 9:7 destroyed the Avvim, who lived in villages as far as Gaza, and settled in their place.

24“The Lord also said, ‘Get up, move out, and cross the Arnon Valley. See, I have handed Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land over to you. Begin to take possession of it; engage him in battle. Dt 1:27

25Today I will begin to put the fear and dread of you on the peoples everywhere under heaven. They will hear the report about you, tremble, and be in anguish because of you.’ Ex 15:14-16; 23:27; Dt 11:25; Jos 2:9-11; 5:1; 9:3-6

26“So I sent messengers with an offer of peace Dt 20:10; Jdg 21:13 to Sihon king of Heshbon from the Wilderness of Kedemoth, saying,

27‘Let us travel through your land; we will keep strictly to the highway. We will not turn to the right or the left. Nm 20:17

28You can sell us food in exchange for silver so we may eat, and give us water for silver so we may drink. Only let us travel through on foot,

29just as the descendants of Esau who live in Seir did for us, and the Moabites who live in Ar, until we cross the Jordan into the land the Lord our God is giving us.’

30But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us travel through his land, for the Lord your God had made his spirit stubborn and his heart obstinate in order to hand him over to you, as has now taken place. Ex 4:21; 7:3; Nm 21:23; 2Ch 36:13

31“Then the Lord said to me, ‘See, I have begun to give Sihon and his land to you. Begin to take possession of it.’

32So Sihon and his whole army came out against us for battle at Jahaz.

33The Lord our God handed him over to us, Dt 7:2,23; 20:13; 21:10; 31:5; Jos 8:7; 11:8 and we defeated him, his sons, and his whole army.

34At that time we captured all his cities and completely destroyed the people of every city, including the women and children. We left no survivors. Dt 20:16-18; 1Sm 15:9

35We took only the livestock and the spoil from the cities we captured as plunder for ourselves.

36There was no city that was inaccessible to Or was too high for Nm 13:28; Ps 139:6; Pr 18:10-11; Is 2:11,17; 26:5 us, from Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley, along with the city in the valley, even as far as Gilead. Jos 13:9,16 The Lord our God gave everything to us.

37But you did not go near the Ammonites’ land, all along the bank of the Jabbok River, Nm 21:24; Jos 12:2 the cities of the hill country, or any place that the Lord our God had forbidden. Nm 21:21-31