Israel’s Descendants
1 These were the sons of Israel:tn The groupings in the list that follows, as well as the conjunctions (vav-consecutives in Hebrew), reflect those of the Hebrew text.
Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah;
Issachar and Zebulun;
2 Dan, Joseph, and Benjamin;
Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.
Judah’s Descendants
3 The sons of Judah:
Er, Onan, and Shelah. These three were born to him by Bathshua,tn The name means “daughter of Shua.” Shua is identified in Gen 38:2 as a “Canaanite man.” a Canaanite woman. Er, Judah’s firstborn, displeased the Lord, so the Lord killed him.tn Heb “was evil in the eyes of the Lord, so he [i.e., the Lord] killed him [i.e., Er].”
4 Tamar, Judah’stn Heb “his”; the referent (Judah) has been specified in the translation for clarity. daughter-in-law, bore to him Perez and Zerah. Judah had five sons in all.
5 The sons of Perez:
Hezron and Hamul.
6 The sons of Zerah:
Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Kalkol, Daratc Many medieval Hebrew mss, some LXX mss, and Syriac read “Darda” (see 1 Kgs 4:31 ET = 1 Kgs 5:11 HT). – five in all.
7 The sontn Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural, but only one son is listed. of Carmi:
Achan,tc The Hebrew text has “Achar,” which means “disaster,” but a few medieval Hebrew mss read “Achan.” See Josh 7:1. who brought the disaster on Israel when he stole what was devoted to God.tn Heb “the troubler of Israel who was unfaithful with respect to the devoted [things].”
8 The sontn Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural, but only one son is listed. of Ethan:
Azariah.
9 The sons born to Hezron:
Jerahmeel, Ram, and Caleb.tn The Hebrew text has “Celubai,” but see v. 18, where Caleb is described as the son of Hezron.
Ram’s Descendants
10 Ram was the father of Amminadab, and Amminadab was the father of Nahshon, the tribal chief of Judah.
11 Nahshon was the father of Salma,tc The LXX reads “Salmon” (cf. Ruth 4:21) and is followed by some English versions (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT). and Salma was the father of Boaz.
12 Boaz was the father of Obed, and Obed was the father of Jesse.
13 Jesse was the father of Eliab, his firstborn; Abinadab was born second, Shimea third,
14 Nethanel fourth, Raddai fifth,
15 Ozem sixth, David seventh.
16 Their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. Zeruiah’s three sons were Abshai,tn In 2 Sam 2:18 this name appears as “Abishai,” a spelling followed by many English versions here. Joab, and Asahel.
17 Abigail bore Amasa, whose father was Jether the Ishmaelite.
Caleb’s Descendants
18 Caleb son of Hezron fathered sons by his wife Azubah (also known as Jerioth).tn Heb “and Caleb son of Hezron fathered [children] with Azubah, a wife, and with Jerioth.” Jerioth could be viewed as a second wife (so NLT; cf. also NASB, NIV, NRSV), but the following context mentions only “her [presumably Azubah’s] sons.” Another option, the one chosen in the translation, is that Jerioth is another name for Azubah. Her sons were Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
19 When Azubah died, Caleb marriedtn Heb “took for himself.” Ephrath, who bore him Hur.
20 Hur was the father of Uri, and Uri was the father of Bezalel.
21 Latersn This means “later” in relation to the births of the three sons (Jerahmeel, Ram and Caleb) mentioned in v. 9. Hezron had sexual relations withtn Heb “Hezron went to.” the daughter of Makir, the father of Gilead. (He had marriedtn Heb “he took,” referring to taking in marriage. her when he was sixty years old.) She bore him Segub.
22 Segub was the father of Jair, who owned twenty-three cities in the land of Gilead.
23 (Geshur and Aram captured the towns of Jair,tn Or “Havvoth Jair” (NIV, NRSV). Some translations do not translate the phrase (“havvoth” = “the towns of”), but treat it as part of the place name. along with Kenath and its sixty surrounding towns.) All these were descendants of Makir, the father of Gilead.
24 After Hezron’s death, Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath, his father Hezron’s widow, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.tn Heb “And after the death of Hezron in Caleb Ephrathah, and the wife of Hezron, Abijah, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.” Perhaps one could translate: “After Hezron died in Caleb Ephrathah, Abijah, Hezron’s wife, bore to him Ashhur, the father of Tekoa” (cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV). In this case the text suggests that Abijah was born after his father’s death. Because of the awkward syntax and the odd appearance of “Caleb Ephrathah” as a place name, some prefer to emend the text. Some alter בְּכָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה (bÿkhalev ’efratah, “in Caleb Ephrathah”) to בָּא כָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה (bo’ khalev ’efratah, “Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath”) and then change אֲבִיָּה (’aviyyah, “Abijah”) to אָבִיהוּ (’avihu, “his father”). This results in the following translation: “And after Hezron’s death, Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath, his father Hezron’s wife, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa” (cf. NAB). This would mean that Caleb’s second wife Ephrath had actually been his late father’s wife (probably Caleb’s stepmother). Perhaps the text was subsequently altered because Caleb’s actions appeared improper in light of the injunctions in Lev 18:8; 20:11; Deut 22:30; 27:20 (which probably refer, however, to a son having sexual relations with his stepmother while his father is still alive).
Jerahmeel’s Descendants
25 The sons of Jerahmeel, Hezron’s firstborn, were Ram, the firstborn, Bunah, Oren, Ozem, and Ahijah.
26 Jerahmeel had another wife named Atarah; she was Onam’s mother.
27 The sons of Ram, Jerahmeel’s firstborn, were Maaz, Jamin, and Eker.
28 The sons of Onam were Shammai and Jada.
The sons of Shammai:
Nadab and Abishur.
29 Abishur’s wife was Abihail, who bore him Ahban and Molid.
30 The sons of Nadab:
Seled and Appaim. (Seled died without having sons.)
31 The sontn Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural “sons” in all three instances in this verse, even though the following lists have only one name each. of Appaim:
Ishi.
The son of Ishi:
Sheshan.
The son of Sheshan:
Ahlai.
32 The sons of Jada, Shammai’s brother:
Jether and Jonathan. (Jether died without having sons.)
33 The sons of Jonathan:
Peleth and Zaza.
These were the descendants of Jerahmeel.
34 Sheshan had no sons, only daughters. Sheshan had an Egyptian servant named Jarha.
35 Sheshan gave his daughter to his servant Jarha as a wife; she bore him Attai.
36 Attai was the father of Nathan, and Nathan was the father of Zabad.
37 Zabad was the father of Ephlal, and Ephlal was the father of Obed.
38 Obed was the father of Jehu, and Jehu was the father of Azariah.
39 Azariah was the father of Helez, and Helez was the father of Eleasah.
40 Eleasah was the father of Sismai, and Sismai was the father of Shallum.
41 Shallum was the father of Jekamiah, and Jekamiah was the father of Elishama.
More of Caleb’s Descendants
42 The sons of Caleb, Jerahmeel’s brother:
His firstborn Mesha, the father of Ziph, and his second son Mareshah,tc Heb “and the sons of Mareshah,” but this does not fit contextually. Perhaps the text originally had וּבְנוֹ מִשְׁנֶה מָרֵשָׁה (uvÿno mishneh mareshah, “and his second son, Mareshah”), with מִשְׁנֶה (“second”) later accidentally falling out by homoioteleuton (cf. the note in BHS here). the father of Hebron.
43 The sons of Hebron:
Korah, Tappuah, Rekem, and Shema.
44 Shema was the father of Raham, the father of Jorkeam. Rekem was the father of Shammai.
45 Shammai’s son was Maon, who was the father of Beth-Zur.
46 Caleb’s concubinesn See the note on the word “concubine” in 1:32. Ephah bore Haran, Moza, and Gazez. Haran was the father of Gazez.
47 The sons of Jahdai:
Regem, Jotham, Geshan, Pelet, Ephah, and Shaaph.
48 Caleb’s concubine Maacah bore Sheber and Tirhanah.
49 She also bore Shaaph the father of Madmannah and Sheva the father of Machbenah and Gibea. Caleb’s daughter was Achsah.
50 These were the descendants of Caleb.
The sonstn Heb “son.” The Hebrew text has the singular, but the following list contains more than one name. of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrath:tn The Hebrew text reads “Ephrathah” here, but see v. 19, which mentions “Ephrath” as the wife of Hur.
Shobal, the father of Kiriath Jearim,
51 Salma, the father of Bethlehem, Hareph, the father of Beth-Gader.
52 The sons of Shobal, the father of Kiriath Jearim, were Haroeh, half of the Manahathites,tn The Hebrew text has “Menuchites” here, but v. 54 has “Manachathites.”
53 the clans of Kiriath Jearim – the Ithrites, Puthites, Shumathites, and Mishraites. (The Zorathites and Eshtaolites descended from these groups.)tn Heb “from these went forth the Zorathites and Eshtaolites.”
54 The sons of Salma:
Bethlehem, the Netophathites, Atroth Beth-Joab, half the Manahathites, the Zorites,
55 and the clans of the scribestn Or perhaps “the Sopherim.” The NAB transliterates this term and treats it as a proper name. who lived in Jabez: the Tirathites, Shimeathites, and Sucathites. These are the Kenites who descendedtn Heb “came.” from Hammath, the father of Beth-Rechab.tn Or (if בֵּית [beth] is translated as “house” rather than considered to be part of the name) “the father of the house [i.e., family] of Rechab.”
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