3The Philistines were standing on one hill, and the Israelites were standing on another hill with a ravine between them.

4Then a champion named Goliath, from Gath,17:4 2Sm 21:18–22; 1Ch 20:4–8 came out from the Philistine camp. He was nine feet, nine inches17:4 DSS, LXX read four cubits and a span; i.e., six and a half feet17:4 Lit was six cubits and a span tall

5and wore a bronze helmet and bronze scale armor that weighed one hundred twenty-five pounds.17:5 Lit 5,000 shekels

6There was bronze armor on his shins, and a bronze javelin17:6 1Sm 17:45 was slung between his shoulders.

7His spear shaft17:7 2Sm 21:19; 1Ch 11:23 was like a weaver’s beam, and the iron point of his spear weighed fifteen pounds.17:7 Lit 600 shekels In addition, a shield-bearer17:7 1Sm 17:41 was walking in front of him.

8He stood and shouted to the Israelite battle formations, “Why do you come out to line up in battle formation?” He asked them, “Am I not a Philistine and are you not servants of Saul?17:8 1Sm 8:17 Choose one of your men and have him come down against me.

9If he wins in a fight against me and kills me, we will be your servants. But if I win against him and kill him, then you will be our servants and serve us.”17:8–9 2Sm 2:12–16

10Then the Philistine said, “I defy the ranks of Israel today.17:10 1Sm 17:26,36,45 Send me a man so we can fight each other!”

11When Saul and all Israel heard these words from the Philistine, they lost their courage and were terrified.

12Now David was the son of the Ephrathite17:12 Gn 35:19 from Bethlehem of Judah named Jesse. Jesse had eight sons17:12 1Sm 16:10–11; 1Ch 2:13–15 and during Saul’s reign was already an old man.

13Jesse’s three oldest sons had followed Saul to the war, and their names17:13 1Sm 16:6,8–9 were Eliab, the firstborn, Abinadab, the next, and Shammah, the third,

14and David was the youngest.17:14 1Sm 16:11 The three oldest had followed Saul,

15but David kept going back and forth from Saul17:15 1Sm 16:21–23 to tend his father’s flock in Bethlehem.

16Every morning and evening for forty days the Philistine came forward and took his stand.

17One day Jesse had told his son David, “Take this half-bushel17:17 Lit this ephah of roasted grain along with these ten loaves of bread17:17 1Sm 25:18 for your brothers and hurry to their camp.

18Also take these ten portions of cheese to the field commander.17:18 Lit the leader of 1,000 Check on the well-being of your brothers17:18 Gn 37:13–14 and bring a confirmation from them.

19They are with Saul and all the men of Israel in the Valley of Elah fighting with the Philistines.”

20So David got up early in the morning, left the flock with someone to keep it, loaded up, and set out as Jesse had charged him.

21Israel and the Philistines lined up in battle formation facing each other.

22David left his supplies in the care of the quartermaster17:22 Jdg 18:21; Is 10:28 and ran to the battle line. When he arrived, he asked his brothers how they were.

23While he was speaking with them, suddenly the champion named Goliath, the Philistine from Gath, came forward from the Philistine battle line and shouted his usual words,17:23 1Sm 17:8–10 which David heard.

24When all the Israelite men saw Goliath, they retreated from him terrified.

25Previously, an Israelite man had declared, “Do you see this man who keeps coming out? He comes to defy Israel. The king will make the man who kills him very rich and will give him his daughter.17:25 Jos 15:16 The king will also make the family of that man’s father exempt from paying taxes in Israel.”17:25 1Sm 8:11

26David spoke to the men who were standing with him: “What will be done for the man who kills that Philistine and removes this disgrace from Israel?17:26 1Sm 11:2 Just who is this uncircumcised Philistine17:26 1Sm 14:6; 17:36; Jr 9:25–26 that he should defy the armies17:26 1Sm 17:10 of the living God?” 17:26 Dt 5:26; 2Kg 19:4

27The troops told him about the offer, concluding, “That is what will be done for the man who kills him.”17:27 1Sm 17:25

28David’s oldest brother Eliab listened as he spoke to the men, and he became angry with him.17:28 Gn 37:4,8–36 “Why did you come down here?” he asked. “Who did you leave those few sheep with in the wilderness? I know your arrogance and your evil heart — you came down to see the battle!”

29“What have I done now?” protested David. “It was just a question.”

30Then he turned from those beside him to others in front of him and asked about the offer. The people gave him the same answer as before.17:30 1Sm 17:26–27

31What David said was overheard and reported to Saul, so he had David brought to him.

32David said to Saul, “Don’t let anyone be discouraged by him;17:32 Dt 20:1–4 your servant will go17:32 1Sm 16:18 and fight this Philistine!”

33But Saul replied, “You can’t go fight this Philistine. You’re just a youth, and he’s been a warrior since he was young.”

34David answered Saul, “Your servant has been tending his father’s sheep. Whenever a lion or a bear came and carried off a lamb from the flock,

35I went after it, struck it down, and rescued the lamb from its mouth.17:35 Am 3:12 If it reared up against me, I would grab it by its fur,17:35 LXX reads throat; lit beard strike it down, and kill it.

36Your servant has killed lions and bears; this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, for he has defied the armies of the living God.”

37Then David said, “The Lord who rescued me from the paw of the lion and the paw of the bear will rescue me from the hand of this Philistine.”17:37 2Tm 4:17–18

38Then Saul had his own military clothes put on David. He put a bronze helmet on David’s head and had him put on armor.

39David strapped his sword on over the military clothes and tried to walk, but he was not used to them. “I can’t walk in these,” David said to Saul, “I’m not used to them.” So David took them off.

40Instead, he took his staff in his hand17:40 Jdg 20:16 and chose five smooth stones from the wadi and put them in the pouch, in his shepherd’s bag. Then, with his sling in his hand, he approached the Philistine.

41The Philistine came closer and closer to David, with the shield-bearer in front of him.

42When the Philistine looked and saw David, he despised him17:42 Pr 16:18 because he was just a youth, healthy17:42 Or ruddy17:42 1Sm 16:12 and handsome.

43He said to David, “Am I a dog17:43 1Sm 24:14 that you come against me with sticks?” 17:43 Some LXX mss add and stones?” And David said, “No! Worse than a dog!” Then he cursed David by his gods.17:43 1Kg 20:10

44“Come here,” the Philistine called to David, “and I’ll give your flesh to the birds of the sky and the wild beasts!” 17:44 1Sm 17:46

45David said to the Philistine, “You come against me with a sword, spear, and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the Lord of Armies, the God of the ranks of Israel — you have defied him.17:45 2Ch 32:7–8; Ps 124:8; Heb 11:34

46Today, the Lord will hand you over to me. Today, I’ll strike you down, remove your head, and give the corpses17:46 LXX reads give your limbs and the limbs of the Philistine camp to the birds of the sky and the wild creatures of the earth. Then all the world will know that Israel has a God,17:46 1Kg 18:36; 2Kg 19:19; Is 37:20

47and this whole assembly will know that it is not by sword or by spear that the Lord saves,17:47 Hs 1:7 for the battle is the Lord’s.17:47 Ex 14:13–14; Ps 33:16–22; 44:4–8 He will hand you over to us.”

48When the Philistine started forward to attack him, David ran quickly to the battle line to meet the Philistine.17:48 Ps 27:3

49David put his hand in the bag, took out a stone, slung it, and hit the Philistine on his forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell facedown to the ground.

50David defeated the Philistine with a sling and a stone. David overpowered the Philistine and killed him without having a sword.

51David ran and stood over him. He grabbed the Philistine’s sword,17:51 1Sm 21:9 pulled it from its sheath, and used it to kill him. Then he cut off his head. When the Philistines saw that their hero was dead, they fled.17:51 Heb 11:34

52The men of Israel and Judah rallied, shouting their battle cry, and chased the Philistines to the entrance of the valley and to the gates of Ekron.17:52 LXX reads Ashkelon17:52 Jos 15:11 Philistine bodies were strewn all along the Shaaraim road17:52 Jos 15:36 to Gath and Ekron.

53When the Israelites returned from the pursuit of the Philistines, they plundered their camps.

54David took Goliath’s17:54 Lit the Philistine’s head and brought it to Jerusalem, but he put Goliath’s weapons in his own tent.

55 17:55 LXX omits 1Sm 17:55–18:5 When Saul had seen David going out to confront the Philistine, he asked Abner the commander of the army, “Whose son is this youth, Abner?” 17:55 1Sm 16:17–22; 17:25

56The king said, “Find out whose son this young man is!”

57When David returned from killing the Philistine, Abner took him and brought him before Saul with the Philistine’s head still in his hand.17:57 1Sm 17:54

58Saul said to him, “Whose son are you, young man?”